American researchers have unveiled a groundbreaking construction material that could reshape the environmental impact of the building industry. Developed at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, the Enzymatic Structural Material (ESM) not only replaces traditional concrete but actively absorbs CO₂ from the air during curing. As a result, construction projects can partially offset their carbon footprint instead of increasing it.
ESM uses enzymes that convert dissolved carbon dioxide into calcium carbonate — the mineral binding sand particles into solid structures. This reaction occurs at room temperature and normal pressure, without high-temperature firing or prolonged curing. The material hardens in less than 24 hours, significantly accelerating building processes.
The contrast with conventional concrete is striking: while standard concrete emits around 330 kg of CO₂ per cubic meter, ESM actually absorbs about 6.1 kg. Despite this, it retains key performance characteristics — withstanding 25–30 MPa of compression, remaining water-resistant, repairable and fully recyclable. The material can be molded into panels, blocks or roofing elements within hours.
Researchers emphasize that even partial adoption of ESM could substantially reduce emissions and lower construction costs thanks to easier production. The technology is especially promising for rapid-build structures, emergency housing and post-disaster reconstruction.
Before widespread use, the material will be tested under different climate conditions, including high humidity, extreme heat and sharp temperature fluctuations. Scientists believe ESM could become a major milestone on the path to carbon-neutral construction.